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D@ DA DB DC gD E F DFh"3|xF    TABLE A    ##Xd# TABLE B8@V@P@P@!#%%4@')+-/1 dTABLE ATABLE BTABLE ATABLE CTABLE DTABLE DTABLE ETABLE ETABLE ETABLE E !  8 8 ?c Oaќ9 9 8 8 8 8 @8 8 HIGHSCHOOLANDCOMMUNITYCOLLEGEDUALENROLLMENT:@) ) ISSUESOFRIGORANDTRANSFERABILITY8 8 @*@PatriciaWindham,Ph.D.@ DirectorofEducationalEffectivenessandResearch@AAStateBoardofCommunityColleges@??325West8 8 Gaines8 8 Street@Tallahassee,Florida323990400@99(904)4880555ext172@* @-(, 7XXdXXd7  : : @HIGHSCHOOLANDCOMMUNITYCOLLEGEDUALENROLLMENT:  @) ) ISSUESOFRIGORANDTRANSFERABILITY@$Introduction  Aspartoftheoverallattempttomaximizetheuseofstateeducationalresources,Floridarecognizesseveraltypesofaccelerationcredit,i.e.,creditthatcanbeusedtosatisfybothhighschoolandcollegerequirements.TheseincludeCLEP,AP(advancedplacement),theIB(internationalbaccalaureate)program,internalexaminationsanddualenrollment.Thetwentyeightinstitutionsinthepubliccommunitycollegessystemofthestateawardmorecreditfordualenrollmentthanforanyotheraccelerationmechanism.Therewere24,7388 8 dualenrollmentstudentsin8 8 1995968 8 whoearned8 8 179,3638 8 hoursofcredittoward8 8 AssociateinArts(AA)8 8 degrees.  ADecember1993reportproducedbytheOfficeofInstructionalResourcesattheUniversityofFlorida(Legg,1993)indicatedthatthevastmajorityofformerdual8 8 enrollment(DE)8 8 studentsenteringthatinstitutionhadtoretakethesecourses.ThismeantthestudentslostcollegiatecreditfortheDEcoursesandthestatefundedthecoursestwice.TheLeggreportwasbaseduponstudentswho ..didnotmeettheregularStateUniversitySystemadmissionscriteria..(Ibid.,p3)orstudentswhohadearneddualenrollmentcreditinchemistry.Afterthisreportbegancirculatingamongthecommunitycolleges,severalinstitutionsdecidedtoconductfollowupprojectsoftheirown.Theseinstitutionswantedtolookatstudentswhowouldmeettheregularadmissionsrequirementsand/orwhotookthemorepopularEnglishandwesterncivilizationcourses.̜: : : : :  |*%) : @FFInstitutionalLevelEvaluationMethod    Twocommunitycolleges,PensacolaJuniorCollege(PJC)andTallahasseeCommunityCollege(TCC),havesharedtheresultsoftheirfollowupstudieswiththeStateBoardofCommunityColleges.Bothinstitutionsusedbasicallythesameprocessinobtainingtheirdataandproducedsimilarstudies.Thefirststepwastoidentifythosestudentswhohadbeenduallyenrolled.Thesocialsecuritynumbersforthesestudentswerethensharedwiththeuniversitymostoftenattendedbystudentswhotransferredfromthecollege.TheUniversityofWestFlorida(UWF)workedwithPJC,whileTCCworkedwithFloridaStateUniversity(FSU).Theuniversitiesproduceddatafilesindicatingattendance,coursestaken,grades,andoverallGPA.Bothcollegesusedtheinformationcontainedinthesefilestoproducesummaryreports.TallahasseeCommunityCollegealsoincludedresultsfrominternalcollegerecordsintheirstudy.Sample     PensacolaJuniorCollegelimitedtheircohorttostudentswhotook8 8 thefirstandsecondlevelEnglishcourses(ENC11018 8 and8 8 ENC1102).8 8 0  Thesamplegroupconsistedofsixtyeight(68)studentswhosuccessfullycompleted(Corbetter)English1101and1102inaschoolbaseddualenrollmentclassduringthe199192schoolyear,andwhorequestedtheirPJCtranscriptsbesenttoUWF.(Atwell,p1) (#(# 8 8 Tallahassee8 8 CommunityCollegeidentifiedallofthestudentswhowereregisteredindualenrollmentcoursesinfall1990,fall1991orfall1992.StateUniversitySystemResults '#&   PensacolaconsideredacademicperformanceatUWFintwoways:cumulativeGPAandgradesinadvancedwritingcourses,i.e.,Englishcoursesotherthan8 8 ENC11018 8 or8 8 ENC1102.8 8  h+&* FiftytwoofthesampleofstudentswerefoundtohaveenrolledatUWFandtohaveaGPA.TheaverageGPAforthegroupwas2.82.ThiswasthesameastheaverageGPAofallPJCstudentsattendingUWFinfall1992(SBCC,1994).AcategoricaldistributionoftheseGPAsispresentedinTable1.FourofthesixwithbelowC(2.00)averageshadearnedagradeofCinoneorbothoftheirdualenrollmentEnglishcourses.  Therewereonlythirteengradesavailableforadvancedwritingclassesforthesestudentsatthetimeoffollowup.Althoughcautionmustbeusedwithsosmallasample,thepreliminarydistributionindicatessimilarpositiveresults.Table2presentsthedistributionofthethirteengrades.Again,thestudentsreceivinglowgradeshadCsinoneorbothoftheirdualenrollmentEnglishcoursesandlowGPAsoverall.  Table3indicatesthecollegeattendanceofthecohortusedbyTallahasseeCommunityCollege.Thetableindicateswhethertheylaterenrolled,i.e.,enrolledasaregularcollegestudent,atTCC,FSU,orboth.Thefall1990cohortofdualstudentscontained296individuals.BasedupontheinformationobtainedfromFSU,98or33percentattendedtheuniversity,136or46percentattendedTCCand43or15percentattendedboth.Atotalof191individualsor64percentofthecohortwasfound.  Theresultsforthefall1991andfall1992groupswereverysimilar.Therewere352individualsinthefall1991group.Ofthese,107or31percentattendedFSU,164or46percentattendedTCCand24or7percentattendedboth.Again,atotal64percentofthecohortwaslocated.  Thefall1992groupcontained391individuals.Thiscohorthadthelowestfoundrateofonly49percent.Thiswasexpectedsincethiswasthegroupwiththeshortestcalendartime h+&* betweencompletinghighschoolandfollowup.Oftheseindividuals,88or22percentattendedFSU,108or28percentattendedTCCand4or1percentattendedboth.  TheuseofinternalrecordsallowedTCCtoexaminedemographicchangesoverthethreeyearperiod.ThereappearstobeatrendtowardmorefemalesandwhitestudentsbothtakingdualenrollmentcoursesandgoingontoFSU.Infall1990,theTCCdualswere56percentfemaleand77percentwhite.Byfall1992thefemalepercentagehadincreasedto68andwhiteto81.ThesametrendregardinggenderisreflectedinthepercentageslaterattendingFSU.Ofthefall1990group,thoseenrolledatFSUwere57percentfemaleand84percentwhite.Byfall1992,thefemalepercentagehadincreasedto75.However,thewhitepercentagehaddeclinedapointto83.  WhiletherangeinFSUGPAforthesestudentsiswide,themeanGPAishigherthantheoverallGPAofformerTCCstudentsattendingFSU.ThemeanGPAforformerdualsfromfall1990,fall1991andfall1992is2.96,3.00and2.86respectively.ThemeanGPAforallformerstudentsattendingFSUinfall1991,fall1992andfall1993was2.80,2.75and2.74(SBCC,1994).  Table4providesadirectcomparisonbetweenthegradesreceivedasdualsinENC1101andhigherlevelEnglishandliteraturecoursestakenatFSU.Thecomparisonindicatedthatonlythreeofthetwentyfour8 8 individuals8 8 hadtoretakeENC1101atFSUandtwoofthosehadwithdrawnfromthedualenrollmentcourse.NoneoftheformerdualenrolleesmadebelowaCinanyFSUEnglishorliteraturecourse.ResultsfromInternalGradeComparisons )$(   ThesecondphaseofthestudyconductedbyTallahasseeCommunityCollegewasbased h+&* uponinternaltracking.Thiswasdoneintwowaysthefirstwastocomparethegradedistributionsofregularcollegestudentswiththoseofthedualenrollmentstudents;thesecondwastocomparethegradesearnedinthefirstcoursewiththoseearnedinthesequencecourse,againcontrollingfordualenrollmentstatus.Twosetsofsequencecourseswereexamined.ThefirstwasEnglishwhichconsistedofENC1101andENC1102.Thesecondwaswesterncivilization,EUH1000andEUH1001.  TheinitialcomparisonofgradesearnedbydualenrollmentstatusindicatedthatthegradesearnedbyDEstudents(Table5)wereclearlyhigherthanthoseearnedbyregularstudentsinbothsetsofcourses.Thenextstepwastodetermineifthispatternofhighergradeswasalsotrueifstudentsweretrackedindividuallyintothenextlevelcourse.Tables69showtherelationshipbetweenthegradeearnedinthefirstcourseandthegradeearnedinthesecondcourseforbothregularanddualenrollmentstudents.  ForbothEnglish(ENC1101andENC1102)andwesterncivilization(EUH1000andEUH1001),thedualenrollmentstudentsdidbetterinthesecondcoursethantheregularstudents.Sincedualenrollmentstudentshavetopassacollegeplacementtestandberecommendedbytheirhighschoolprincipalpriortoregisteringforadualenrollmentcourse,itisnotsurprisingthattheywouldhaveahighergradedistributionthantheregularstudents.@"SystemEvaluation  Thenextstepinevaluatingthedualenrollmentprogramwastousesystemleveldatatoseeifthesesametrendsheldforcommunitycollegesasawhole.TheDivisionofCommunityCollegesconductedastudyofthesuccessofformerdualenrollmentstudentsintheStateUniversity8 8 System(SUS).8 8 Thepurposesofthesystemlevelstudyincludedanevaluationofthe h+&* successoftheprogramaswellasthesuccessofindividualstudents.ThestudywasbasedupondatacontainedinboththecommunitycollegeStudentDataBase(SDB)andtheuniversityStudentDataCourseFile(SDCF).Cohort 8    Thecohortwasdefinedasallstudentsidentifiedonthe199192SDBasbeingdualenrolledinacoursethatwasapplicabletoanAAorAS8 8 (AssociateinScience)degree8 8 ortoavocationalcertificate.ThiscohortwasthenmatchedagainstSDBandSDCFfilesfor199192through199495.8 8 Students8 8 Served p   During199192,thecommunitycollegesystem8 8 (CCS)enrolled8 8 17,9818 8 dualenrollmentstudents8 8 incoursesthatwouldbeapplicabletowardtheAA,ASoraVocationalCertificate.TheethnicdistributionofthesestudentswasWhite79.75%;Black9.90%;Hispanic5.85%;Asian3.94%;Other0.56%Femalesoutnumberedmales58to42percent.@ SystemLevelResultsCoursesTaken    Atotalof8 8 9788 8 differentcoursesweretakenbydualenrollmentstudentsin199192with8 8 1898 8 ofthesetakenbyatleasttwentyfivestudents.SeventyninepercentofthesewereintheareaofAdvancedandProfessional.Vocationalcoursescomprised17.3percentandGEDPreptheremaining3.78 8 percent.8 8 StudentAbility '#&   Thedualenrollmentprogramisanaccelerationprogramthatisgearedtowardthosehighschoolstudentswhoarecapableofdoingcollegelevelwork.Sincethecoursesofferedarethe h+&* ?c  sameasthoseofferedoncampus,thestudentsallowedtotakedualenrollmentclassesneedtoshowtheabilitytobesuccessfulinthecoursespriortobeingadmittedtotheclass.Onewayofdeterminingthisabilityisbypassingthesameentrylevelplacementtest(ELT)asthattakenbyenteringcollegefreshmen.During199192severaldifferenttestswereusedasplacementtests.Noattempthasbeenmadetoconvertthesedifferentteststoacommonscore,rathereachtestisconsideredindividuallyandthenoverallratesaredetermined.8 8 FuturereviewswillbeclearerastheStatehasmovedtoasingleentryleveltest.Table8 8 10displaystheresultsoftheplacementtests.Thepassingratefordualenrollmentswashigherthanthatofenteringcommunitycollege: ?c  : 8 ?c  ?c  ќ8 freshman.8 8 Thereweresomefailuresrecordedbecausestudentshavetopassonlythesectionrelatedtothecoursetheywishtotake.Baseduponthesedata,thedualenrollmentprogramappearstobereachingthosestudentsitwasintendedtoserve,i.e.,thosestudentswhoarereadyforcollegelevelworkwhilestillinhighschool.  However,thedataindicatedthatinrarecasesstudentswhohadnotpassedtherelevantsectionofanELTwerereportedastakingadualenrollmentcourse.TheGuidelinesforDualEnrollment8 8 Interinstitutional8 8 ArticulationAgreementsstatethat0  NostudentshallbeenrolledinacollegecreditmathematicsorEnglishcourseonadualenrollmentbasisunlessthestudenthasdemonstratedadequateprecollegiatepreparationonthebasiccomputationalandcommunicationskillsassessmentoftheentrylevelplacementtest. (#(# Collegesneedtoensurethatthisprovisionismet.NumberofCoursesTaken &"%   Concernhadbeenexpressedthatstudentswereearninganexcessivenumberofhoursofdualenrollmentcreditthatcouldnotbeappliedtowardabachelorsdegree.Sincetheavailableinformationisbaseduponsnapshotdataratherthantranscripts,aneffortwasmadetodetermine T,'+  Oa   thenumberofcoursestakenbydualenrollmentstudentsbydividingthestudentsbyage.Itwasfeltthatifthedatawererestrictedtothosestudentswhowere16or17in199192,alloftheirdualenrollmentworkwouldbecapturedduringthetimeframeinvolved.Agewasdeterminedbythedifferencebetweentheyearofthefalltermandthebirthyearreportedonthedatabase.Theresultswerebasicallythesameforbothgroups.  Calculatedageinfall1991 h Numberofdualenrollmentcourses  8     ` 16    h   Range16 p       `     h   Mode2   `     h   Median2   `     h   75%Q33   `     h   95%6:  Oa   : 8 8 8 8    ` 17    h   Range18 H    `     h   Mode2   `     h   Median2   `     h   75%Q33   `     h   95%7Whilethedataindicatedthatthereweresomeindividualswhohad8 8 takenmorethantencourses,8 8 seventyfivepercentofthesegroupstookonlythreeorfewerdualenrollmentcourses.WhereStudentsGo    Thedualenrollmentoptionwasestablishedtoenrichthecourseopportunitiesforoutstandinghighschoolstudentsandtoprovideanaccelerationmechanismthatwouldmovestudentsthroughthebaccalaureatedegreeprocessquicker.Animportantareaofinterestofthisreview,therefore,waswherestudentsenrollafterobtainingtheirhighschooldegree.8 8 Aboutseventypercentoftheoriginalcohortwaslocatedinthe199296filesofeithertheSUSorCCS.Thirtyfourpercentofthecohort6,100studentsattemptedadditionalworkintheCCS;2,896studentsorsixteenpercentwereenrolledintheSUSand3,430studentsornineteenpercent,did h+&* workinbothsystems.  OfthestudentswhoeventuallyenrolledintheSUS,thetopfourreceivinguniversitiesweretheUniversityofFloridawiththirtypercent,FloridaStatewithtwentythreepercent,theUniversityofSouthFloridawithfourteenpercentandtheUniversityofCentralFloridawithtwelvepercent.RepeatingCourses  8    Ifstudentshavetorepeatthecoursestheytookasdualenrollmentstudentsoncethey   enrollatauniversity,thentheaccelerationaspectofdualenrollmentislost.Basedupontheuniversitystudycitedearlier,theCCSwasconcernedthatformerdualenrollmentstudentsmightbeinthissituation.Thiswouldnotonlyslowdownastudentsprogress,butwould8 8 contradict8 8 theideabehindFloridasCommonCourseNumberingSystem.  The199192SDBindicatedthattherewere51,382uniquedualenrollmentsforthatreportingyear,e.g.,anenrollmentofastudentinagivencourse.WhenthoseenrollmentswerematchedagainstthedatapulledfromtheSUSSDCFfor199295only140matcheswerefound.Inotherwords,therewereonly140timesthatastudenthadtoretake,attheuniversitylevel,theexactsamecoursetheyhadtakenasadualenrollmentstudent.WhilenotallformerdualenrollmentstudentsattendedtheSUS,aboutthirtyfivepercentdid.Ifoneassumesthatthisthirtyfivepercentofstudentsrepresentsthirtyfivepercentofenrollments,lessthanonepercentofenrollmentsarehavingtoberepeated.  ThecoursebeingrepeatedmostoftenwasENC1101with42occurrences.Furthermore,anexaminationofthegradesearnedinthedualenrollmentpartoftheserepeatsindicatedthatlessthanhalfofthestudentswereoriginallysuccessful,i.e.,hadearnedagradeofCorbetter,in h+&* thedualenrollmentcourse.ENC1101isaGordonRulecourse,i.e.,acoursethatmustbecompletedwithaCorbetterpriortoadvancingtoothercommunicationscourses.Thusmostoftheserepeatsmerelymirroredthecoursetakingpatternsofregularcommunitycollegestudentsandwerenot,bythemselves,indicativeofproblemsinthe8 8 dualenrollment8 8 program.8 8 ThatissinceaCisrequiredinthisGordonRulecourseforallcommunitycollegeandstateuniversitystudents,itisacoursewhereitisnotsurprisingtoseeanumberofrepeatattempts.Actually,thepercentageofformerdualenrolledstudentsretaking8 8 ENC11018 8 islowerthanthatexpectedforstudentswhoinitiallytakethiscourseatthecollege.Grades p   Inorderforthedualenrollmentprogramtobesuccessful,therigorofthecoursesmustbethesameastheregularcourses.Onemeasureofthisisthegradesearnedinthenextsequencedcourse.ThisreportonlylookedatENC1101toENC1102andMAC1102orMAC1104toMAC,STAandMGFcourses.Thissegmentoftheanalysiswasconfinedtothesesequencesbecausetheyweretheonesthatcontainedthemostenrollments.Table11showsthepercentageofstudentswhoweresuccessfulintheirdualenrollmentcourse,definedasearningaCorbetter,whowerethensuccessfulintheSUScourse,alsodefinedasearningaCorbetter.Baseduponthattable,dualenrolledstudentswerebetterpreparedforSTAorMGFsequencesthanfor8 8 MAC.8 8 @$$%Conclusion  Anyprogramthatservesalargepopulationinadiversityofsettingsneedstoberegularlymonitoredandevaluated.TheCommunityCollegeSystemmustensuretherigorofdualenrollmentcoursesbyrequiringindividualcollegestoadheretothestandardsputforthintheGuidelinesforDualEnrollment8 8 Interinstitutional8 8 ArticulationAgreements.Twoofthose h+&* standardsdealwiththepassingoftheplacementtestandfacultyqualificationswhicharetobeatthesamelevelastheSACSaccreditationcriteria.WhiledualenrollmentstudentspassedtheELTatahigherratethandidFTICcommunitycollegestudents,inrarecases,studentswhodidnotpasstheappropriatesectionoftheELTwererecordedastakingdualenrollmentcourses.Bothofthesestandardsneedtobemaintainedaspartofasuccessfuldualenrollmentprogram.  Withthousandsofstudentsbeingservedbytwentyeightdifferentinstitutions,itisprobablyinevitablethatnoteverystudentwillbeaccelerated.However,basedupontheresultsofthesestudies,thereisnoreasontobelievethedualenrollmentprogram,ascurrentlyimplementedintheFloridaCommunityCollegeSystem,isnotprovidingaviableaccelerationmechanismfor8 8 qualifiedhighschoolstudents@#8 8 FutureStudies  Thenextstepinthedualenrollmentprogramreviewprocesswillbetolookattheeffecttakingdualenrollmentcourseshasontimetodegree.Thestudentswhotakedualenrollmentcoursesareoftenthosewhoareinterestedinexplorationatthecollegelevelaswellasacceleration.Therefore,theupcomingresultsoftranscriptanalysesmustkeepthestudentstrueintentinmind.  0"  @'Table1@W W GPADistributionfor8 8 PJCCohortatUWF  *w ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#w,( dd ,( dd ,( dd +   t GPA  ( NumberofStudents  ( PercentofStudent  ( 3.50+ =3 X   "@9"@=9 h^1X U  "@9 "@ L1@17.3L1@h17.3 @64X  U L1@17.3 L1@ @3.003.49 >4  (   1@171@>17 i_2 ( U  1@17 1@ Y@@32.7Y@@i32.7 @64 ( U Y@@32.7 Y@@ @2.502.99 >4 X    ,@14,@>14 i_2X U  ,@14 ,@ fffff:@26.9fffff:@i26.9 @64X U fffff:@26.9 fffff:@ @2.002.49 =3  (   @6@=6 h^1 ( U  @6 @ '@11.5'@h11.5 @64 ( U '@11.5 '@ @1.99orless =3 X   @6@=6 h^1X U  @6 @ '@11.5'@h11.5D:8X U '@11.5  '@ D@'Table2@  GradeDistributionforAdvancedWritingCourses*w!"dd( dd ( dd ( dd  (#(#w,<dd ,<dd +   $t Grades   Number   A/A+ =3 X  @3@=3 =31X"  @3 @ =B/B+ =3   @5@=5 =31"  @5 @ =C/C+ =3 X   @3@=3 =31X!"  @3 @ =D/F =3 "  @2@=2A75#"  @2  @ A.@'Table3@ AttendancePatternsofFormerDualEnrollmentStudents@(LimitedtoFSUandTCC)*f#$dd<dd <dd !"(#(#f,dd ,Sdd ,dd ,dd +   "h* Outcome  |"+ Fall90(n=296) '|"," 'Fall91(n=386) '|"-" 'Fall92(n=391) |"." AttendedTCC ?5 #L/ a@136a@?136 i_3#L03 a@136 a@ d@164d@i164 i_3#L13 d@164 d@ [@108[@i108 ?53#L23 [@108 [@ ?AttendedFSU >4 |% 3  X@98X@>98 h^2|% 43  X@98 X@ Z@107Z@h107 h^3|% 53 Z@107 Z@  V@88V@h88 >42|% 63  V@88 V@ >Attendedboth >4 &L"7  E@43E@>43 g]2&L"83  E@43 E@  8@248@g24 f\2&L"93  8@24 8@  @4@f4 =31&L":3  @4 @ =TotalNumberLocated ?5 |(#; g@191g@?191 i_3|(#<3 g@191 g@ n@247n@i247 i_3|(#=3 n@247 n@ h@192h@i192 ?53|(#>3 h@192 h@ ?PercentLocated >4 )L%?  P@64P@>64 g]2)L%@3  P@64 P@  P@64P@g64 g]2)L%A3  P@64 P@  H@49H@g49B86)L%B3  H@49  H@ B ,T'C М; ; @'Table4@"GradeComparison*%&dddd Sdd dd dd #$(#(#, dd ,dd ,dd ,Sdd +   t DualEnrollmentCourse  ( DEGrade  ( FSUCourse  ( FSUGrade  ( ENC1101  X  A  X   ENC1102  X   B  X   ENC1101   (  A   (  ENC1102   ( B+   ( ENC1101  X  A  X  ENC1142  X  A  X  ENC1101   (  A   (  LIT2020   (  A   (  ENC1101  X  A  X  LIT2020  X  A  X  ENC1101  (  A  (  LIT2020  (  A  (  ENC1101  X  A  X ! LIT2020  X " B  X # ENC1101  ($ A  (% LIT2020  (& C  (' ENC1101  X( A  X) LIT2081  X* C  X+ ENC1101  (, A  (- LIT4322  (. B  (/ ENC1101  X0 B  X1 ENC1102  X2 A  X3 ENC1101  (4 B  (5 ENC1142  (6 A  (7 ENC1101  X8 B  X9 ENC1905  X: S  X; ENC1101  (< B  (= LIT2020  (> A  (? ENC1101  X@ B  XA LIT2020  XB A  XC ENC1101  (D B  (E LIT2020  (F B+  (G ENC1101  X!H B  X!I LIT2020  X!J C  X!K ENC1101  "(L B  "(M LIT2081  "(N B  "(O ENC1101  X$P C  X$Q ENC1101  X$R B  X$S ENC1101  %(!T C  %(!U ENC1102  %(!V A  %(!W ENC1101  X'"X C  X'"Y ENC1905  X'"Z S  X'"[ ENC1101  (($\ W  (($] ENC1101  (($^ A  (($_ ENC1101  X*%` W  X*%a ENC1101  X*%b B+  X*%c ENC1101  +('d W  +('e ENC1145  +('f B +('g  М< 3 3 3 3 < @'Table5@ComparisonofSelectedGrades@ByDualEnrollmentStatus*'(dd dd dd dd Sdd %&(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +   ` Grades *    *ENC1101(Fall1993)   ENC1102(Fall1994)      0 DualEnrollmentStatus  D   DualEnrollmentStatus  D     `   No(n=1301)     Yes(n=176)     No(n=941)*     Yes(n=89)    A A7 D  Q^1@17.37Q^1@A17.37 mc5D U Q^1@17.37 Q^1@ R?@31.82R?@m31.82 mc5D U R?@31.82 R?@ ףp= W3@19.34ףp= W3@m19.34 mc5D U ףp= W3@19.34 ףp= W3@ Q8@24.72Q8@m24.72 A75D U Q8@24.72 Q8@ AB A7   Q<@28.67Q<@A28.67 mc5 U Q<@28.67 Q<@ E@43.75E@m43.75 mc5 U E@43.75 E@ GzT=@29.33GzT=@m29.33 mc5 U GzT=@29.33 GzT=@ C@38.20C@m38.20 A75 U C@38.20 C@ AC A7 D  (\57@23.21(\57@A23.21 mc5D U (\57@23.21 (\57@ RQ3@19.32RQ3@m19.32 mc5D U RQ3@19.32 RQ3@ p= ף1@17.64p= ף1@m17.64 mc5D U p= ף1@17.64 p= ף1@ 3@19.103@m19.10 A75D U 3@19.10 3@ AD @6   ףp= @4.46ףp= @@4.46 ka4 U ףp= @4.46 ףp= @ = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?k1.14 ka4 U = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? Gz@5.42Gz@k5.42 ka4 !U Gz@5.42 Gz@ (\ @3.37(\ @k3.37 @64 "U (\ @3.37 (\ @ @F A7 D# fffff$@10.45fffff$@A10.45 lb5D$U fffff$@10.45 fffff$@ = ףp=?0.57= ףp=?l0.57 ka4D%U = ףp=?0.57 = ףp=? (\"@9.03(\"@k9.03 ka4D&U (\"@9.03 (\"@ (\@6.74(\@k6.74 @64D'U (\@6.74 (\@ @I @6 ( RQ@2.54RQ@@2.54 ka4)U RQ@2.54 RQ@ = ףp=?0.57= ףp=?k0.57 ka4*U = ףp=?0.57 = ףp=?  ףp= @2.13 ףp= @k2.13 ka4+U  ףp= @2.13  ףp= @ (\@4.49(\@k4.49 @64,U (\@4.49 (\@ @W A7 D- *@13.30*@A13.30 lb5D.U *@13.30 *@ Q@2.84Q@l2.84 lb4D/U Q@2.84 Q@  ףp=0@16.79 ףp=0@l16.79 lb5D0U  ףp=0@16.79  ףp=0@ (\ @3.37(\ @l3.37D:8D1U (\ @3.37 (\ @ D@#Table5(cont.)*)*d ddd dd dd dd dd '((#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +   `5 Grades * `7U- *EUH1000(Fall1993)  t8 EUH1001(Fall1994)  t9   9 DualEnrollmentStatus  D: DualEnrollmentStatus  D;   `; No(n=609)**  t< Yes(n=158)  t= No(n=941)  t> Yes(n=89)  t? A @6 D@ Q@7.88Q@@7.88 lb4DAU Q@7.88 Q@ Gz4E@42.41Gz4E@l42.41 lb5DBU Gz4E@42.41 Gz4E@ zG#@9.94zG#@l9.94 lb4DCU zG#@9.94 zG#@ {G@@32.21{G@@l32.21 A75DDU {G@@32.21 {G@@ AB A7 t!E Gz1@17.08Gz1@A17.08 mc5t!FU Gz1@17.08 Gz1@ zGa>@30.38zGa>@m30.38 mc5t!GU zGa>@30.38 zGa>@ p= #5@21.14p= #5@m21.14 mc5t!HU p= #5@21.14 p= #5@ Q>@30.87Q>@m30.87 A75t!IU Q>@30.87 Q>@ AC A7 "DJ Q9@25.62Q9@A25.62 mc5"DKU Q9@25.62 Q9@ ףp= +@13.92ףp= +@m13.92 mc5"DLU ףp= +@13.92 ףp= +@ )\;@27.91)\;@m27.91 mc5"DMU )\;@27.91 )\;@ fffff&6@22.15fffff&6@m22.15 A75"DNU fffff&6@22.15 fffff&6@ AD A7 t$O )\&@11.33)\&@A11.33 lb5t$PU )\&@11.33 )\&@ @5.70@l5.70 ka4t$QU @5.70 @ Q#@9.51Q#@k9.51 ka4t$RU Q#@9.51 Q#@ Q@7.38Q@k7.38 @64t$SU Q@7.38 Q@ @F A7 %D!T 333333/@15.60333333/@A15.60 lb5%D!UU 333333/@15.60 333333/@ HzG @3.16HzG @l3.16 lb4%D!VU HzG @3.16 HzG @ RQ,@14.16RQ,@l14.16 lb5%D!WU RQ,@14.16 RQ,@ Q@4.03Q@l4.03 @64%D!XU Q@4.03 Q@ @I @6 t'"Y Gz?0.99Gz?@0.99 ka4t'"ZU Gz?0.99 Gz? ffffff@3.80ffffff@k3.80 ka4t'"[U ffffff@3.80 ffffff@ RQ?1.27RQ?k1.27 ]S4t'"\U RQ?1.27 RQ? # ]0.00 2(&t'"]U #  2W A7 (D$^ Hz4@20.53Hz4@A20.53 lb5(D$_U Hz4@20.53 Hz4@ )\(?0.63)\(?l0.63 lb4(D$`U )\(?0.63 )\(? R0@16.07R0@l16.07 lb5(D$aU R0@16.07 R0@ zG @3.36zG @l3.36D:8(D$bU zG @3.36 zG @ D*0.32percentofthestudentsreceivedmiscellaneousgradesofX.**0.99percentofthestudentsreceivedmiscellaneousgradesofXorZ. +8'd М= ̛@'= > @'> Table6@ ComparisonofOriginalandSequenceGrades@ PercentageofTotalforRegularStudents@'(N554)*+,d ddd dd dd dd dd )*(#(#,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd , dd +   L  ENC1101Grade    @%EENC1102Grade       l  A   l  B   l  C   l  D   l  F   l I   l W   l A @6   \(#@9.93\(#@@9.93 ka4 U \(#@9.93 \(#@ (\ @8.48(\ @k8.48 ka4 U (\ @8.48 (\ @ ףp= ?1.99ףp= ?k1.99 ka4 U ףp= ?1.99 ףp= ?  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?k0.18 ka4 U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? HzG?1.08HzG?k1.08 ka4 U HzG?1.08 HzG?  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?k0.36 ka4 U  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ?  ףp= ?0.72 ףp= ?k0.72 @64 U  ףp= ?0.72  ףp= ? @B @6 l  RQ@7.58RQ@@7.58 lb4l U RQ@7.58 RQ@ Q0@16.97Q0@l16.97 lb5l U Q0@16.97 Q0@ (\@7.94(\@l7.94 ka4l U (\@7.94 (\@ (\?1.81(\?k1.81 ka4l U (\?1.81 (\? Gz@2.71Gz@k2.71 ka4l U Gz@2.71 Gz@ HzG?0.54HzG?k0.54 ka4l U HzG?0.54 HzG?  ףp= @4.51 ףp= @k4.51 @64l U  ףp= @4.51  ףp= @ @C @6  ! Q?1.62Q?@1.62 ka4 "U Q?1.62 Q? RQ@7.58RQ@k7.58 ka4 #U RQ@7.58 RQ@  @8.30 @k8.30 ka4 $U  @8.30  @ @4.15@k4.15 ka4 %U @4.15 @ (\@3.07(\@k3.07 ka4 &U (\@3.07 (\@ HzG?1.08HzG?k1.08 ka4 'U HzG?1.08 HzG? ffffff@5.60ffffff@k5.60 @64 (U ffffff@5.60 ffffff@ @D @6 l )  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?@0.18 ka4l *U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ?  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?k0.36 ka4l +U  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ?  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?k0.18 I?4l ,U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ I?l -U  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?I0.18 I?4l .U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ I?l /U  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?I0.18 @64l 0U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? @F  1 Ј '2U 'Ј I?3U  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?I0.18 I?44U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ '5U 'Ј '6U 'Ј '7U 'Ј 8U I  l9 Ј I?l:U HzG?0.54HzG?I0.54 ka4l;U HzG?0.54 HzG?  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?k0.18 I?4l<U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ I?l=U  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?I0.18 I?4l>U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ I?l?U ?0.90?I0.90 @64l@U ?0.90 ? @W  A Ј I?BU  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?I0.18 ka4CU  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ?  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?k0.36 I?4DU  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ? IЈ 'EU 'Ј 'FU 'Ј 'GU 'Ј"HU  "@'Table7@ ComparisonofOriginalandSequenceGrades@+ + PercentageofTotalforDualEnrollmentStudents@'(N88)*-.d ddd 9dd dd 9dd 9dd dd 9dd dd +,(#(#,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd , dd +   ,|O ENC1101Grade  |Q @%EENC1102Grade  R    LS A   LT B   LU C   LV D   LW F   LX I   LY W   LZ A A7 |"[ 33333s4@20.4533333s4@A20.45 mc5|"\U 33333s4@20.45 33333s4@ RQ3@19.32RQ3@m19.32 J@5|"]U RQ3@19.32 RQ3@ JЈ '|"^U 'Ј '|"_U 'Ј I?|"`U )\(@2.27)\(@I2.27 I?4|"aU )\(@2.27 )\(@ IЈ |"bU B @6 #Lc )\(@4.54)\(@@4.54 lb4#LdU )\(@4.54 )\(@ Gz.2@18.18Gz.2@l18.18 lb5#LeU Gz.2@18.18 Gz.2@ @7.95@l7.95 ka4#LfU @7.95 @ = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?k1.14 ka4#LgU = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? )\(@2.27)\(@k2.27 ka4#LhU )\(@2.27 )\(@ )\(@2.27)\(@k2.27 ka4#LiU )\(@2.27 )\(@ = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?k1.14 @64#LjU = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? @C @6 |% k Q?1.62Q?@Ѐ ka4|% lU Q?1.62 Q? = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?k1.14 lb4|% mU = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? (\u$@10.23(\u$@l10.23 lb5|% nU (\u$@10.23 (\u$@ )\(@2.27)\(@l2.27 ka4|% oU )\(@2.27 )\(@ )\(@4.54)\(@k4.54 ka4|% pU )\(@4.54 )\(@ HzG?1.08HzG?kЀ ka4|% qU HzG?1.08 HzG? ffffff@5.60ffffff@kЀ @64|% rU ffffff@5.60 ffffff@ @D  &L"s Ј I?&L"tU  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?IЀ ka4&L"uU  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ?  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?kЀ I?4&L"vU  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ '&L"wU 'Ј '&L"xU 'Ј '&L"yU 'Ј &L"zU F  |(#{ Ј '|(#|U 'Ј '|(#}U 'Ј '|(#~U 'Ј '|(#U 'Ј '|(#U 'Ј I?|(#U = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?I1.14 @64|(#U = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? @I  )L% Ј ')L%U 'Ј ')L%U 'Ј ')L%U 'Ј ')L%U 'Ј ')L%U 'Ј I?)L%U = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?I1.14 @64)L%U = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? @W  |+& Ј '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј"|+&U  "М? ̛? @'Table8@ ComparisonofOriginalandSequenceGrades@ PercentageofTotalforRegularStudents@'(N217)*/0d ddd 9dd dd 9dd 9dd dd 9dd dd -.(#(#,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd , dd +   L  EUH1000Grade    @%EEUH1001Grade       l  A   l  B   l  C   l  D   l  F   l I   l W   l A @6   Q!@8.76Q!@@8.76 ka4 U Q!@8.76 Q!@ Gz@2.76Gz@k2.76 ka4 U Gz@2.76 Gz@ q= ףp?0.46q= ףp?k0.46 I?4 U q= ףp?0.46 q= ףp? IЈ ' U 'Ј ' U 'Ј ' U 'Ј  U B @6 l  ffffff@2.30ffffff@@2.30 lb4l U ffffff@2.30 ffffff@ HzG$@10.14HzG$@l10.14 lb5l U HzG$@10.14 HzG$@ RQ@7.83RQ@l7.83 ka4l U RQ@7.83 RQ@ q= ףp?0.46q= ףp?k0.46 ka4l U q= ףp?0.46 q= ףp? ףp= @3.23ףp= @k3.23 I?4l U ףp= @3.23 ףp= @ IЈ I?l U q= ףp?0.92q= ףp?I0.92 @64l U q= ףp?0.92 q= ףp? @C   ! Ј I? "U p= ף@6.91p= ף@I6.91 lb4 #U p= ף@6.91 p= ף@  1@17.05 1@l17.05 lb5 $U  1@17.05  1@ HzG@5.07HzG@l5.07 ka4 %U HzG@5.07 HzG@ q= ףp@4.61q= ףp@k4.61 ka4 &U q= ףp@4.61 q= ףp@ q= ףp?0.46q= ףp?k0.46 ka4 'U q= ףp?0.46 q= ףp? Q@5.53Q@k5.53 @64 (U Q@5.53 Q@ @D  l ) Ј I?l *U q= ףp?1.84q= ףp?I1.84 ka4l +U q= ףp?1.84 q= ףp? (\@5.99(\@k5.99 ka4l ,U (\@5.99 (\@ ffffff@2.30ffffff@k2.30 ka4l -U ffffff@2.30 ffffff@ q= ףp?0.92q= ףp?k0.92 I?4l .U q= ףp?0.92 q= ףp? IЈ I?l /U Gz?1.38Gz?I1.38 @64l 0U Gz?1.38 Gz? @F  1 Ј '2U 'Ј I?3U ףp= @3.23ףp= @I3.23 ka44U ףp= @3.23 ףp= @ Gz?1.38Gz?k1.38 ka45U Gz?1.38 Gz? ףp= @3.23ףp= @k3.23 I?46U ףp= @3.23 ףp= @ IЈ I?7U q= ףp?0.46q= ףp?I0.46 @648U q= ףp?0.46 q= ףp? @I  l9 Ј 'l:U 'Ј 'l;U 'Ј 'l<U 'Ј I?l=U  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?IЀ I?4l>U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? IЈ I?l?U ?0.90?IЀ @64l@U ?0.90 ? @W  A Ј 'BU 'Ј I?CU q= ףp?0.92q= ףp?I0.92 I?4DU q= ףp?0.92 q= ףp? IЈ I?EU q= ףp?0.92q= ףp?I0.92 I?4FU q= ףp?0.92 q= ףp? IЈ I?GU q= ףp?0.92q= ףp?I0.92D:8HU q= ףp?0.92  q= ףp? D@'Table9@ ComparisonofOriginalandSequenceGrades@ PercentageofTotalforDualEnrollment@'(N132)*12d ddd 9dd dd 9dd 9dd dd 9dd dd /0(#(#,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd , dd +   ,|O EUH1000Grade  |Q @%EEUH1001Grade  R    LS A   LT B   LU C   LV D   LW F   LX I   LY W   LZ A A7 |"[ Q:@26.52Q:@A26.52 mc5|"\U Q:@26.52 Q:@ HzG+@13.64HzG+@m13.64 lb5|"]U HzG+@13.64 HzG+@ )\(@2.27)\(@l2.27 ka4|"^U )\(@2.27 )\(@ RQ?0.76RQ?k0.76 I?4|"_U RQ?0.76 RQ? IЈ '|"`U 'Ј '|"aU 'Ј |"bU B @6 #Lc HzG@6.82HzG@@6.82 lb4#LdU HzG@6.82 HzG@ Qk1@17.42Qk1@l17.42 lb5#LeU Qk1@17.42 Qk1@ RQ@7.58RQ@l7.58 ka4#LfU RQ@7.58 RQ@ RQ?0.76RQ?k0.76 I?4#LgU RQ?0.76 RQ? IЈ '#LhU 'Ј '#LiU 'Ј #LjU C @6 |% k Q?1.62Q?@Ѐ ka4|% lU Q?1.62 Q? RQ?0.76RQ?k0.76 ka4|% mU RQ?0.76 RQ? RQ@7.58RQ@k7.58 ka4|% nU RQ@7.58 RQ@ )\(@4.54)\(@k4.54 ka4|% oU )\(@4.54 )\(@ RQ?0.76RQ?k0.76 I?4|% pU RQ?0.76 RQ? IЈ I?|% qU RQ?0.76RQ?I0.76 @64|% rU RQ?0.76 RQ? @D  &L"s Ј I?&L"tU  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?IЀ ka4&L"uU  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ? RQ?1.52RQ?k1.52 I?4&L"vU RQ?1.52 RQ? IЈ I?&L"wU RQ?1.52RQ?I1.52 I?4&L"xU RQ?1.52 RQ? IЈ I?&L"yU RQ?1.52RQ?I1.52 @64&L"zU RQ?1.52 RQ? @F  |(#{ Ј '|(#|U 'Ј I?|(#}U  ףp= ?0.18 ףp= ?IЀ ka4|(#~U  ףp= ?0.18  ףp= ? RQ?0.76RQ?k0.76 I?4|(#U RQ?0.76 RQ? IЈ '|(#U 'Ј '|(#U 'Ј |(#U I @6 )L% RQ?0.76RQ?@0.76 ka4)L%U RQ?0.76 RQ? )\(@2.27)\(@k2.27 ka4)L%U )\(@2.27 )\(@ RQ?1.52RQ?k1.52 I?4)L%U RQ?1.52 RQ? IЈ ')L%U 'Ј ')L%U 'Ј ')L%U 'Ј )L%U W  |+& Ј '|+&U 'Ј I?|+&U  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?IЀ I?4|+&U  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ? IЈ '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј '|+&U 'Ј"|+&U  "М@ ̛@ @&Table10@yy PassingRatesonELT*  d ddd 9dd dd 9dd 9dd dd 9dd dd 12(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +   t Group  ( Reading  ( Writing  ( Mathematics  ( DualEnrollees 7- X  yV@89.9yV@789.9 YO+X   yV@89.9 yV@ fffff&W@92.6fffff&W@Y92.6 YO+X   fffff&W@92.6 fffff&W@ U@87.2U@Y87.2 7-+X   U@87.2 U@ 7CCFTIC* 7-  (  fffff&Q@68.6fffff&Q@768.6 YO+ (  fffff&Q@68.6 fffff&Q@  Q@68.5 Q@Y68.5 YO+ (  Q@68.5  Q@ ffffffL@56.8ffffffL@Y56.8 7-+ ( ffffffL@56.8 ffffffL@ 7SUSFTIC* 7- X  fffff&X@96.6fffff&X@796.6 YO+X  fffff&X@96.6 fffff&X@  X@96.5 X@Y96.5 YO+X   X@96.5  X@ X@96.4X@Y96.4;1/X  X@96.4  X@ ;*199394ReadinessforCollegeReport̜A ̛̛A @&Table11@GradesinNextSequencedCourse@]]PercentSuccessfulinCCCourseWhoWereAlsoSuccessfulintheSUSCourse*dddd dd dd dd  (#(#,dd ,edd ,dd ,'dd ,rdd +      ` ENC1102  ` MACcourses  `  STACourses  `! MGFCourses  `" ENC1101 5+ #  V@88V@588 5+)$  V@88 V@ 5  %   &   ' MAC1102  `(  5+ `)  P@67P@567 UK)`*  P@67 P@  @V@89@V@U89 5+)`+  @V@89 @V@ 5*  `, MAC1104  -  5+ .  P@67P@567 UK)/  P@67 P@  @V@89@V@U89 UK)0  @V@89 @V@  T@82T@U829/-1  T@82  T@ 9*Percentagewouldhavebeenbasedonlessthantenstudents.  2 @22%ReferencesAtwell,CharlesandMcLeod,Marshall.(January,1994).PerformanceofDualEnrollmentStudentsatUWF.MemorandumfromtheOfficeoftheExecutiveVicePresidentPensacolaJuniorCollegetotheCouncilofInstitutionalAffairs,FloridaCommunityCollegeSystem.Legg,Sue.(1993).UtilizationofAcceleratedCreditUniversityofFlorida.ResearchReport,OfficeofInstructionalResources,UniversityofFlorida.Gainesville,Florida.StateBoardofCommunityColleges(1994).ArticulationReport.DepartmentofEducation.  L  Tallahassee,Florida.StateBoardofCommunityColleges(undated).GuidelinesDualEnrollmentInterinstitutional   ArticulationAgreements.DepartmentofEducation.Tallahassee,Florida.   Windham,Patricia(1994).FollowupofDualEnrollmentStudents.Inhouseresearchreport,TallahasseeCommunityCollege.Tallahassee,Florida.̜F  H F C C E C 7XXdXXd7ќC E D @'Preface    Section240.312,FloridaStatutes,requiresthereviewofeverymajorprogramintheStateCommunityCollegeSystem everyfiveyearsorwhenevereffectivenessorefficiencyofaprogramisjeopardized.Section240.311(3),FloridaStatutes,requirestheStateBoardofCommunityCollegesto conductperiodicreviewsofexistingprograms,andSection240.311(4)requirestheexecutivedirectorto conductsystemwideprogramreviewsforboardapproval.  TheDivisionofCommunityCollegesusesathreetieredprogramreviewprocesstomeetthesestatutoryrequirements.LevelIreviewsaregeneratedbytheDivisionandconsistlargelyofcollectinganddisplayingdata.LevelIIreviewsareconductedattheindividualinstitutionsandincludetheexaminationofprogramsorareasbytheindividualcommunitycollegeseitherindependentlyorincooperationwithoutsidegroups.Thefinaltier,LevelIII,isagainconductedbytheDivisionandaddressesstatewideissuesandpolicyconcerns.LevelIIIreviewsmaybeanoutgrowthofLevelIandLevelIIreviewsormaybeinresponsetotheStateBoardofCommunityColleges,DepartmentofEducation,PostsecondaryEducationPlanningCommission(PEPC),legislative,orotherexternalgroupsactivitiesorrecommendations.  Thisreportisadatabasedpreliminaryreview,ora LevelI,thatwasconductedinconjunctionwithPEPCsreviewofaccelerationmechanisms.TheDivisionofCommunityCollegesintendstoconductaLevelIIIreviewofdualenrollmentsometimeinthenextyear.̀D E E D   D E ̜E D D E @D D FLORIDASTATEBOARDOFCOMMUNITYCOLLEGES@HIGHSCHOOLANDCOMMUNITYCOLLEGEDUALENROLLMENT:@) ) ISSUESOFRIGORANDTRANSFERABILITY̜E B B E @(("ALevelIReview@DivisionofCommunityColleges@ Tallahassee,Florida@$January,1997E